Passive Voice

Nama           : Dhani Pradhita
NPM           : 12209277
Kelas           : 4EA14
Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Ada dua bentuk “voice” dalam bahasa Inggris, active voice dan passive voice. Active voice menunjukkan apa yang dilakukan oleh subjek, contoh:

• The secretary wrote a letter (Sekretaris menulis sebuah surat)

Passive voice menunjukkan apa yang dilakukan terhadap subjek. Contoh:

• The letter was written by the secretary (Surat ditulis oleh sekreatir)

Bentuk

Kalimat pasif dibuat dengan kata kerja “to be” dan kata kerja bentuk ke-3. Berikut beberapa tenses bahasa Inggris utama yang digunakan dalam passive voice.

Tenses Simple present: Present continuous: Simple past: Past continuous: Present perfect: Past perfect: Future: Future continuous: Present conditional: Past conditional:

Subject Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers

Verb “to be” are are being were were being have been had been will be will be being would be would have been

Verb III planted every year planted now. planted last year planted last summer. planted here for 10 years. planted until last year. planted next year. planted during the summer. planted if we had seeds. planted if we had had seeds.

By

Untuk menyatakan apa penyebab sebuah tindakan pasif, kita bisa menggunakan by. Contoh:

• This photo was taken by my friend.
• I was given this by my brother.

Seringkali tidak diperlukan untuk menyatakan penyebab tindakan pasif, khususnya jika dipahami dengan jelas atau tidak relevan. Sebagai contoh:

• The meeting was cancelled (pertemuan itu dibatalkan). (Informasi penting yang ingin disampaikan adalah pembatalan pertemuan, bukan siapa yang membatalkannya.)

• These boots were made in Italy (sepatu-sepatu boot ini dibuat di Italia). (Informasi yang penting dalam kalimat ini adalah bahwa sepatu-sepatu tersebut dibuat di Italia, bukan siapa yang membuatnya).

Born

Ketika berbicara tentang kelahiran orang tertentu atau suatu peristiwa, kita menggunakan bentuk pasif “to be born”. Contoh:

• I was born in Iran.
• The twins were born just last year.

Get

Get bisa digunakan menggantikan to be pada situasi dimana sesuatu terjadi. Contoh:

- Our flight got cancelled = Our flight was cancelled.
- I got paid today = I was paid today.

Get tidak bisa digunakan pada situasi-situasi umum dan apabila bersama dengan kata kerja yang menyatakan keadaan (bukan tindakan). Contoh:

- He is liked by a lot of people. - Benar
- He gets liked by a lot of people. - Tidak benar
- She is known to be a hard-working employee. - Benar
- She gets known to be a hard-working employee.- Tidak benar

Get digunakan lebih sering dalam bahasa Inggris informal.

Passive Voice

There are two voices in English, the active and the passive. The active tells us what the subject does, for example:
- The secretary wrote a letter.
The passive tells us what is done to the subject. For example:
- The letter was written by the secretary.

Form

The passive is made with the verb "to be" and the past participle. Here are the main English tenses used in the passive voice.

Tense Simple present: Present continuous: Simple past: Past continuous: Present perfect: Past perfect: Future: Future continuous: Present conditional: Past conditional:

Subject Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers Flowers

Verb "to be" are are being were were being have been had been will be will be being would be would have been

Past Participle planted every year planted now. planted last year planted last summer. planted here for 10 years. planted until last year. planted next year. planted during the summer. planted if we had seeds. planted if we had had seeds.

By

To state what the cause of a passive action is, you can use by. For example:
- This photo was taken by my friend.
- I was given this by my brother.

It is often not necessary to statethe cause of a passive action, especially when clearly understood or irrelevant. For example:
- The meeting was cancelled. (The meeting's cancellation is what is important, not who cancelled it.)
- These boots were made in Italy. (The fact they were made in Italy is what's important, not who made them.)

Born

When talking abut the birth of specific people of things we use the passive form "to be born". For example:
- I was born in Iran.
- The twins were born just last year.

Get

Get can be used instead of to be in situations where something happens. For example:
- Our flight got cancelled = Our flight was cancelled.
- I got paid today = I was paid today.

Get can't be used with general situations and state verbs (verbs that express a state, not an action). For example:
- He is liked by a lot of people. - OK
- He gets liked by a lot of people. - Incorrect.
- She is known to be a hard-working employee. - OK
- She gets known to be a hard-working employee.- Incorrect
Get is used more often in informal English.

Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Examples of Passive

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Simple Present	Active:	Rita	writes	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is written	by Rita.
Simple Past	Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was written	by Rita.
Present Perfect	Active:	Rita	has written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	has been written	by Rita.
Future I	Active:	Rita	will write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will be written	by Rita.
Hilfsverben	Active:	Rita	can write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	can be written	by Rita.

Examples of Passive

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Present Progressive	Active:	Rita	is writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is being written	by Rita.
Past Progressive	Active:	Rita	was writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was being written	by Rita.
Past Perfect	Active:	Rita	had written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	had been written	by Rita.
Future II	Active:	Rita	will have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will have been written	by Rita.
Conditional I	Active:	Rita	would write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would be written	by Rita.
Conditional II	Active:	Rita	would have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would have been written	by Rita.

Passive Sentences with Two Objects

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

	Subject	Verb	Object 1	Object 2
Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter	to me.
Passive:	A letter	was written	to me	by Rita.
Passive:	I	was written	a letter	by Rita.

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As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.